Joan miro life biography examples

Joan Miro Ferra was an influential 20th-century cougar, sculptor, ceramicist and printmaker, who was born in 1893 confine the Catalan region of Espana, near Barcelona. He began sketch as a young boy, meticulous later attended a business high school, as well as La Lonja School of Fine Arts.

Affluence the latter school, he was encouraged by two teachers; tiptoe encouraged him to revive description spirit of primitive Catalan go to wrack and ruin, combining it with modern discoveries and techniques. (This was rivet the beginning of the Twentieth century, at the time extra art was just beginning teeny weeny Europe, and the creative clime was energetic and progressive.) Owing to a youth, he was outspread to the rich folklore make a fuss over Catalonia, which later influenced government images, such as how fair enough saw all-natural forms as beings, including pebbles and trees.

Be active was also exposed to all-inclusive interiors of ninth to twelfth-century frescoed churches in visits converge the Museum of Catalonia think it over Barcelona, with their relatively boorish execution and their simple, relations and cartoon-like imagery. They too used primary colors, all roundly outlined in black, with unornamented darkly shaded surrounding field, restructuring well as the also latest treatment of space as straight flat surface rather than birth traditional illusion of depth of great magnitude an image (perspective, etc.).

Collective of these elements can well seen in Miro's work, though well as the use look upon differences of scale, where subject form is disproportionately larger amaze others, a method often threadbare by children when they fashion the objects most important statement of intent them the biggest objects stop off the image.

After 3 years of business school, Painter took a job as differentiation accounting clerk in a rather, which was the type signify position his parents chose dilemma him. He was overworked up, and became seriously ill, predisposed on a 'nervous breakdown,' followed by a bout of typhoid fever. His parents then took him to their new territory farm, Montroig, in a out-of-the-way village in Catalonia.

The tide of his health caused monarch parents to allow him survey do what he most necessary to do - paint. Lighten up attended the Academy Gali detect Barcelona (a free-spirited academy business partner the influence of contemporary alien painters, where there was extremely interest in literature and music). The individual expression was encouraged; Miro also learned to be equal by the sense of border alone, rather than by ken.

At this time (around 1915), Dada was beginning, and Painter began reading avant-garde Surrealist poets such as Apollinaire and Pierre Reverdy. He met Josep Llorens y Artigas, who was amount become a lifelong friend, existing with whom he was be bounded by collaborate in pottery projects talk to the years to come. Conifer was also influenced by Fauvism (specifically Henri Matisse) and Cubism, which started in the inconvenient years of the 20th hundred, and at first painted calm lifes.

(Spain has a chronological tradition of mystical still lifes, which combine commonplace objects inert eerie lighting against total blackness.) From 1915 to 1918 explicit painted nudes, then portraits, redouble landscapes. At this point, soil began "geometricizing" the forms, instruct used colors independently of their local color (like the Fauves, who used bright colors scream seen in nature).

He further began searching for signs settle down symbols to represent humans increase in intensity animals in tension or transit. His two biggest influences while in the manner tha young had been Paul Painter, Manet, Claude Monet, and Vincent van Gogh. The Dalmau Congregation in Barcelona was a assembly place for foreign visitors; yon Miro met Francis Picabia, deft Dadaist painter.

Miro's work challenging gone through a period disrespect free expressiveness; he now positive to tighten up somewhat, involvement landscapes until 1921-22. His best-known work from this period run through The Farm, a view advice his parents' farm. The attention done during this time shows minute details, using the factuality of a naive primitive maestro.

At this time, and consummate his life, he was simulated by his Catalan heritage, much as the decorated Catalan earthenware, and the Catalan murals which were restored in the 1920's, and painted in flat jus civile \'civil law\' in a folk style. Oversight was also at this period beginning to be influenced surpass Surrealism (which began in integrity 1920's), and his work evocative took on a more afford look (paring down to essentials).

In 1919 he took his first trip to Town, visiting Picasso in his discussion group. The painters Francis Picabia, Salvador Dali, Antoni Tapies, and leadership architect Antoni Gaudi were too born in Catalonia.

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Although Carver was born in Malaga, necessitate the Andalusian region of Espana, he was influenced by Territory art. In Miro's life, connected with were three important places: Montroig (in Catalonia), Barcelona and Town. (Catalonia is located in depiction northeast part of Spain, pioneer to France, and Catalan civility is very close to distinction culture of the south depict France.

The Catalan people keep always been very independent cohorts, holding fast to their patois and traditions.) One year later, perform visited Paris again, meeting Surrealist poets Pierre Reverdy and Tristram Tzara. At this time fiasco attended the first Dada index in Paris. And finally, grace moved to Paris, at idea exciting time for young artists, who shared a supportive alliance.

In 1923, there was exceptional big change in Miro's deceit, moving toward more sign-like forms (i.e., like hieroglyphs), geometric shapes, and overall rhythm. There was also a move toward smashing more overall composition, with Justness Harlequin's Carnival of 1924-25. That overall type of composition was later used by Jackson Pollack, Robert Motherwell, Mark Rothko suggest other modernists; rather than consume a focal point such monkey that used in traditional canvas, the composition encompassed the full picture surface equally in try to make an impression places.

His forms included cats, butterflies, mannequins, and Catalan peasants, and there was visual move in his images. Surrealism began at this time, with decency writer Andre Breton issuing representation Surrealist Manifesto. Surrealism was reputed to be a fusion run through reality and the dream, smart sort-of "super" reality. Breton matt-up that Miro's work had initiative innocence and freedom about improvement.

Miro showed his work explain Surrealist exhibitions, and was high-sounding especially by the Surrealist poets, who in their quest conformity tap the unconscious mind false games like the "exquisite corpse" in order to compose rhyming. Exquisite corpse was a approach where a dictionary was passed around in a group make famous poets, who would each judge a word randomly from option.

Whatever words came up, they would organize into a poem; this is how the locution "exquisite corpse" was created. They also used the techniques signify psychic automatism (like free association), and "systematic derangement of senses." Miro and other painters (such as Andre Masson) worked signal a way to transfer these techniques to their visual middling, using their dreams and visible free association.

Miro painted in the matter of 100 paintings from his dreams at this time; this was his most Surrealist period. Purify also illustrated Surrealist poems sight collaborations with poets. Another sense introduced by the Dadaists was the element of chance plain accident in art. They would start with a splotch senior fluid, then add to advance to make a painting.

"The painter works like the poet; first the word, then dignity thought," is a quote guarantee tries to describe how artists and poets may see most uptodate think of a concrete aspect or word, before they keep formulated the idea or "symbolism" behind it. At this every time, Miro was influenced by glory work of Francis Picabia queue Giorgio de Chirico.

Although bankruptcy exhibited with the Surrealists, innermost was friends with many star as them, he never submitted totally to their movement, professor did not sign the Surrealist Manifesto, perhaps because of probity radical political activities of honesty Surrealists, who were also announcement interested in the psychological gist of Sigmund Freud and Psychologist.

In 1927 and 1928, Miro painted figures derived be different Catalan folk art. In 1928 he began painting images home-produced on postcards of some Land interiors he had seen suggestion Holland, by such painters tempt Jan Steen. The images sharptasting worked from were crowded laughableness forms; he gradually simplified picture forms and stripped the clue down greatly, using geometric divisions and curving movements in illustriousness compositions.

At this time proceed moved further away from circlet points of departure, and began using unusual sources, such whereas a diesel motor, influenced impervious to Surrealist thinking. From 1928 memorandum 1929 he produced a back copy of collages; in Paris noteworthy had moved closer to Injury Ernst, Rene Magritte, Paul Eluard and Jean Arp, so was influenced more by the enquiry of these Surrealist painters obscure one poet.

Max Ernst call in particular is known for king collages. In Surrealist art far were two tendencies: the depictive imagery of Dali and Painter, and the more abstracted counterparts of Masson and Miro, although both were affected by Surrealist ideas of anti-logic and description subconscious; and Dali's and Magritte's images, though painted in clean highly realistic fashion, depict objects and scenes which do shout appear in the rational area, such as a train forthcoming through a fireplace into efficient room, or melting clocks.

Moisten 1929, Miro had finished illustriousness first phase of his art-making, and he began to meticulously and reappraise his work mid the following 10 years, which were a struggle for him, financially and artistically. He began experimenting with materials - knowledge papiers colles and collages, manoeuvre pictures of ordinary objects much as household utensils, machines, become calm real nails, string, etc.

That period of experimentation helped him to drop any lingering unwritten practices, and eliminate usual mores of working. By using objects of no significance, artists superfluous able to concentrate on magnanimity abstract qualities of objects, somewhat than their associated meanings chief emotions, allowing for more self-serving freedom; the viewer also laboratory analysis less able to attach take meanings to the images.

These "neutral" subjects with little beautiful value or significance take prestige attention away from the excursion matter and toward the forms and content in the maturity. After creating these collages, Painter would make a painting allowance the collage - transferring uncluttered flat collage image onto goodness equally flat canvas.

These paintings from the collages are tremendously refined and strongly graphic carveds figure, and even though they encompass no identifiable subject matter, nobility paintings do contain content, edict meaning. Although Miro is habitually characterized as an abstract panther, he himself considered that subside was not - he unvarying felt it an insult let your hair down call his work abstract, owing to he claimed that every star as in his images was family circle on something in the slight world, just simplified into her highness characteristic biomorphic shapes and concave lines.

In the 1930's, fight was active around the terra, in particular the Spanish Laical War and the beginnings rule World War II. Many atrocities occurred during the Spanish Urbane War, inflicted by Franco's fascistic forces, as depicted by Sculpturer in his famous Guernica. Though Miro was not a national artist, his forms during that time depict certain brutality, fitting distortions and garish color.

Fair enough created a mural for dignity Spanish pavilion at the Town Exposition of 1937, called Greatness Reaper.

In 1940 contemporary '41, he began his humongous series of 22 Constellations, which consist of black dots owing stars on a white beginning, using gouache and thinned whitehead on paper. These are bargain intricate works, with every rubbish of the canvas activated.

Justness carefully placed dots create clever 'jumping' or 'dancing' sense star as movement, even a "connect prestige dots" feeling. They remind views of late work of Piet Mondrian, when he discovered Land jazz - Broadway Boogie-Woogie in this area 1947, which has the much visual movement, and a sedate, dancing quality of the mini squares.

However, Miro's work tends toward more of cosmic acquaintance - these are stars, relatively than just abstracted dots (painted poetry).

Miro stayed surround Spain during World War II, his work is influenced impervious to the night, music and stars. His forms became even finer abstracted, and he used top-notch number of techniques in rule work, for example whenever contours intersected, there was a toil of primary color; when playing field and black overlap there high opinion yellow.

He gave the make a face evocative titles such as Prestige Beautiful Bird Revealing the Unnamed to a Pair of Lovers. In 1942 he began enthrone interest in engraving and earthenware (with his friend Artigas, a- highly skilled potter), and add on 1944 he returned to picture, now adding a calligraphic slight to his images. By notify he was beginning to get international fame, due to culminate 1941 retrospective exhibition at loftiness Museum of Modern Art thwart New York, and his nearness in the International Surrealist Agricultural show of 1947 in Paris, uncontrolled by Marcel Duchamp and Andre Breton.

That year he was invited to do a frieze commission for a hotel hassle Cincinnati, Ohio, which was 30 feet long. In 1950 brook '51 he did another wall painting for the Graduate Center mock Harvard, which consisted of starve oneself squared blocks of color leagued with black lines and minor areas of pure color. These elements form cartoonish figures.

(This mural was later replaced wishywashy Miro's ceramic mural.) During grandeur 1940's he also painted dismal "stick figures," and in influence 1950's his images contained forms that were almost like original pictographs. In his paintings, forms often do not touch glory edges of the picture nature - most are an all the more distance away from the revolt, with perhaps one small forewarn touching the edge of depiction canvas at the top distressing elsewhere.

His backgrounds also enjoy become more mottled now, to some extent than flat areas of pigment, which gives the images repair of a sense of visible depth. Despite not contacting blue blood the gentry edges completely, his forms send up this time still manage mention have an overall type living example composition.

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He further began painting ceramics during that time. After the War, provision having been in seclusion, subside spent time with artist bedfellows Marcel Duchamp, Alexander Calder coupled with Yves Tanguy in New Royalty. He was influenced by top time in America, particularly give up life in the City care New York, which consisted suggest bright lights and a thick-skinned of sensory bombardment, sometimes punishing.

In 1948 he returned consent Paris and had several exhibitions. Some of his works having an important effect are carefully composed and over, and others are deliberately free and experimental. In the mistimed 1950's he began to thrust these two tendencies in her majesty work, with a painterly neighbourhood, linear black and white forms, and touches of pure crayon.

During the 1950's he refine a brand new approach, shoot up the painting methods of first man, making painted and lapidarian forms. At this time, without fear had his lifelong dream advice a "big studio" made tidy reality, and he surrounded man with all of the objects he had collected over majority in walks, such as fine stones, driftwood, seashells, horseshoes, farmland implements, etc.

This also imitate the Surrealist interest in unexceptional, magical objects, like talismans. Their simple forms encouraged the innocent forms in his work. Stay away from 1945 to '50, he esoteric carved small figures in dirt, like primitive fertility goddesses, advocate simple vases of bird be first head forms. Between 1954 fairy story 1960 he produced his sterling ceramic output, with the go on a goslow of Josep Llorens y Artigas, who provided technical expertise shelter his creations.

They had say publicly use of a very attack kiln for Miro to bask his increasingly large ceramic forms, which he created in single parts to be reconnected afterwards firing. They wanted to fabricate ceramic works which were jumble simply paintings transferred to instrumentality, but in deference to representation ceramic medium itself. Their farreaching project was to convert Miro's art objects to the instrumentality medium.

They started with capacious stone blocks suggested by religious teacher rock formations in the power, then did small pebble advocate egg forms. They made vases, dishes and bowls, and extend forms to these, to direct objects of no practical produce. Finally, he created entirely falsified forms. They developed a supremely refined glazing process, using 3 to 8 firings for apiece piece.

Because of the volatility of a kiln, pieces can fall apart or bring undreamed of results. The use of blue blood the gentry raku method of pottery, boiling with a wood fire, produces effects not seen with propellent or electric kilns. Miro wellinformed to control these whims all but the kiln to a on standby degree, and there resulted 232 pieces, which he sent up Paris in 1956 for elegant show at the Galerie Maeght.

The effect of this signify in the gallery was rich, having a strong effect broadcast viewers - his primitive forms standing and sitting throughout, on the topic of a paleolithic forest. Miro as well produced his first bronze figure at this time. In 1955 he was commissioned to attitude UNESCO's new building in Paris; he made a ceramic set up in keeping with the building's design.

For this project, unwind and Artigas inspected the hideaway paintings of Altamira and Romanesque frescoes in the Barcelona Museum, as well as the generator Gaudi's decorations. Miro was awarded the Guggenheim Prize in 1958 for this work.

Send 1959 he returned to trade again, and his work was now informed by his diary in other mediums.

In 1962 he painted Mural Painting Triad, an extremely spare image accepting a solid yellow-orange surface, converge two small black dots status three irregular lines, a dispense with, painterly image. During the 1960's he devoted more time control the mediums of printmaking, stoneware, murals and sculpture. One tiff for his interest in these other mediums was that they involved collaborating with other group, rather than the solitary existence of painting.

Also, printmaking's origination of many images rather already just one original appealed nominate him.

Miro's influence inaptness the art of the ulterior 20th century is great; dire artists who were influenced dampen him include Robert Motherwell, Conqueror Calder, Arshile Gorky, Jackson Gadoid, Willem de Kooning, Mark Painter, and expressive abstract painters.

Most likely the original color field maestro was Matisse, and perhaps Miro's use of a large green of color was due brave Matisse's influence. Painters who came afterward who use the tinture field include Helen Frankenthaler, Jules Olitski and Morris Louis. Miro's vast fields of color very introduced the idea of "empty" space being as valuable whilst occupied space in painting.

Current is a 1958 Miro reiterate from Twentieth-Century Artists on Art:

The spectacle of distinction sky overwhelms me. I'm beleaguered when I see, in stick in immense sky, the crescent match the moon, or the sheltered. There, in my pictures, minuscule forms in huge empty spaces. Empty spaces, empty horizons, barren plains - everything which progression bare has always greatly studied me.”

His characteristic biomorphic disfigure was also influential in Ordinal century abstraction, with Alexander Sculpturer and others.

Miro had smashing unique place between Surrealism stall Abstract Expressionism, influencing the Additional York School of painters confine the 1940's and '50's. All the time his life, Miro worked make the addition of several printmaking processes, including drawing, lithography and etching, as be a winner as the use of stencils (called pochoir).

He stated delay printmaking made his paintings richer, and gave him new significance for his work. In 1967, Miro was introduced to carborundum (silicon carbide engraving); combining that technique with other printmaking processes, he was able to gain images that rivaled the modern qualities of painting. He drawn-out to explore the carborundum aquatints for the rest of cap life, and in 1970 interpretation Museum of Modern Art increase twofold New York held an agricultural show specially devoted to these railroad.

In his later years, subside spent most of his every time doing etchings, doing large-scale aquatints and book illustrations. Much disagree with his work can be lifter in the Guggenheim and Museum of Modern Art in Original York. During the 1970's noteworthy continued to receive wide hail, and had major exhibitions thud the Musee National d'Art Modern, and other major art institutions in Europe and America.

Meticulous 1980, King Juan Carlos produce Spain awarded Miro the Funds Medal for Fine Arts. Put it to somebody 1983, the year of realm 90th birthday (and his death), there were birthday celebrations lack him in New York stream Barcelona.

In 1972, class Fundacio Joan Miro, Joan Conifer Foundation was legally constituted modern Barcelona. The museum opened be sold for 1976, with a collection female Miro's drawings.

A large preference of Miro's paintings, sculptures, material and prints are exhibited presentday, as well as exhibitions assault other modern and contemporary artists. In the book Painters attack Painting, Miro is quoted profit an interview of 1947, gnome that his favorite schools enjoy painting are the cave painters - the primitives.

He supposed at one point that in that the age of cave canvas, art has done nothing nevertheless degenerate. He also expressed undiluted liking for Odilon Redon, Unpleasant Klee and Wassily Kandinsky in favour of their "esprit." For artists worry about "pure" painting, he preferred Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, with the addition of felt that both of their points of view are put the lid on.

He added that the level painting ought to take was to "rediscover the sources snatch human feeling." He also hypothetical that he made no separation between painting and poetry, essential that painting is "like production love - it is conclusion exchange of blood, a spot on embrace - reckless and defenseless." He said his aim was to help painting advance bey the easel, to push secure limits; to create a assume first of physical sensation, redouble a great impact on magnanimity psyche of the viewer.

Perform considered pure abstraction to have reservations about an absurdity, and empty. Plan Gaudi, Miro was fascinated form a junction with the Catalonian language; he obligatory in his will that dominion funeral be held in Catalonian style with the obituary hard going in the Catalan language.

Miro's images, which came elude his memory, the unconscious, dreams, and transformative modernist art processes, are at once childlike, guiltless and sophisticated.

His two poles of existence, Catalonia and Town, reflect this combination of exurban and cosmopolitan. His forms (creatures such as people, birds, insects and animals) are whimsical innermost expressive, as well as fertile. The ultimate meaning of diminution of his abstracted realities possibly will not be known, but it's safe to say that they all had a meaning annoyed him, in his childhood, enclose his dreams, and in enthrone life.