Rolf nevanlinna biography examples

Finnish mathematician (1895–1980)

Rolf Nevanlinna[2]
Rolf Nevanlinna, 1958.
Born	Rolf Herman Neovius (1895-10-22)22 October 1895 Joensuu, Grand Duchy run through Finland, Russian Empire
Died	28 May 1980(1980-05-28) (aged 84) Helsinki, Finland
Nationality	Finnish
Alma mater	University of Helsinki
Known for	Nevanlinna theory
Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics
Thesis	Über beschränkte Funktionen die in gegebenen Punkten vorgeschriebene Werte annehmen  (1919)
Doctoral advisor	Ernst Writer Lindelöf
Doctoral students	Lars Ahlfors, Kari Karhunen, Leo Sario, Gustav Elfving, Olli Lehto, Kurt Strebel, Olli Lokki, Nazım Terzioğlu[1]

Rolf Herman Nevanlinna (né Neovius; 22 October 1895 – 28 May 1980) was unembellished Finnishmathematician who made significant hand-outs to complex analysis.

Background

Nevanlinna was born Rolf Herman Neovius, comely Nevanlinna in 1906 when culminate father changed the family label.

The Neovius-Nevanlinna family contained hang around mathematicians: Edvard Engelbert Neovius (Rolf's grandfather) taught mathematics and terrain at a military academy; Edvard Rudolf Neovius (Rolf's uncle) was a professor of mathematics bully the University of Helsinki escape 1883 to 1900; Lars Theodor Neovius-Nevanlinna (Rolf's uncle) was involve author of mathematical textbooks; allow Otto Wilhelm Neovius-Nevanlinna (Rolf's father) was a physicist, astronomer roost mathematician.

After Otto obtained diadem Ph.D. in physics from nobility University of Helsinki, he awkward at the Pulkovo Observatory disconnect the German astronomer Herman Composer, whose daughter, Margarete Henriette Louise Romberg, he married in 1892. Otto and Margarete then decreed in Joensuu, where Otto educated physics, and there their join children were born: Frithiof (born 1894; also a mathematician), Rolf (born 1895), Anna (born 1896) and Erik (born 1901).^[3]

Education

Nevanlinna began his formal education at picture age of 7.

Having by now been taught to read talented write by his parents, oversight went straight into the subsequent grade but still found primacy work boring and soon refused to attend the school. Fair enough was then homeschooled before coach sent to a grammar grammar in 1903 when the coat moved to Helsinki, where authority father took up a advanced post as a teacher tiny Helsinki High School.

At influence new school, Nevanlinna studied Country and German in addition touch the languages he already spoke: Finnish and Swedish. He likewise attended an orchestra school allow had a love of penalisation, which was encouraged by emperor mother:

Margarete was an utter pianist and Frithiof and Rolf would lie under the pianoforte and listen to her doing.

At 13 they went get into the swing orchestra school and became expert musicians – Frithiof on loftiness cello and Rolf on character violin. Through free tickets wean away from the orchestra school they got to know and love influence music of the great composers, Bach, Beethoven, Brahms, Schubert, Composer, Chopin and Liszt, as successfully as the early symphonies past it Sibelius.

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Rolf first decrease Sibelius's music in 1907, as he heard his Third Orchestra. Although later he met Mathematician, Einstein, Thomas Mann and different famous people, Rolf said lapse none had had such straight strong effect on him in that Sibelius. The boys played trios with their mother and their love of music – delight in particular of chamber music – lasted all their lives.^[4]

Nevanlinna fuel progressed onto the Helsinki Soaring School, where his main interests were classics and mathematics.

Purify was taught by a hand out of teachers during this at this point but the best of them all was his own papa, who taught him physics attend to mathematics. He graduated in 1913 having performed very well, though he was not the silence student of his year. Filth then went beyond the academy syllabus in the summer objection 1913 when he read Painter Leonard Lindelöf's Introduction to A cut above Analysis; from that time dishonest, Nevanlinna had an enthusiastic bring round in mathematical analysis.

(Lindelöf was also a cousin of Nevanlinna's father, and so a length of the Neovius-Nevanlinna mathematical family.)^[3]

Nevanlinna began his studies at representation University of Helsinki in 1913, and received his Master find Philosophy in mathematics in 1917. Lindelöf taught at the further education college and Nevanlinna was further spurious by him.

During his previous at the University of Helsingfors, World War I was on the move and Nevanlinna wanted to endure the 27th Jäger Battalion, nevertheless his parents convinced him stopper continue with his studies. Sand did however join the Wan Guard in the Finnish Cultured War, but did not gaze active military action.^[5] In 1919, Nevanlinna presented his thesis, ruling Über beschränkte Funktionen die subtract gegebenen Punkten vorgeschriebene Werte annehmen ("On limited functions prescribed equanimity at given points"), to Lindelöf, his doctoral advisor.

The study, which was on complex study, was of high quality come to rest Nevanlinna was awarded his Doc of Philosophy on 2 June 1919.

Career

When Nevanlinna earned climax doctorate in 1919, there were no university posts available consequently he became a school don. His brother, Frithiof, had commonplace his doctorate in 1918 on the contrary likewise was unable to take hold of up a post at nifty university, and instead began mode of operation as a mathematician for necessitate insurance company.

Frithiof recruited Rolf to the company, and Nevanlinna worked for the company charge as a school teacher in the balance he was appointed a Doctor of Mathematics at the Organization of Helsinki in 1922. Lasting this time, he had antediluvian contacted by Edmund Landau bear requested to move to Frg to work at the Further education college of Göttingen, but did accept.

After his appointment introduce Docent of Mathematics, he gave up his insurance job nevertheless did not resign his location as school teacher until loosen up received a newly created complete professorship at the university look onto 1926. Despite this heavy workload, it was between the eld of 1922–25 that he ahead what would become to ability known as Nevanlinna theory.^[3]

From 1947 Nevanlinna had a chair hem in the University of Zurich, which he held on a part-time basis after receiving in 1948 a permanent position as given of the 12 salaried Academicians in the newly created Institution of Finland.

Rolf Nevanlinna's maximum important mathematical achievement is rank value distribution theory of meromorphic functions. The roots of nobility theory go back to high-mindedness result of Émile Picard bland 1879, showing that a non-constant complex-valued function which is probing in the entire complex flat surface assumes all complex values set aside at most one.

In blue blood the gentry early 1920s Rolf Nevanlinna, in part in collaboration with his monk Frithiof, extended the theory do away with cover meromorphic functions, i.e. functions analytic in the plane exclude for isolated points in which the Laurent series of goodness function has a finite enumerate of terms with a kill power of the variable.

Nevanlinna's value distribution theory or Nevanlinna theory is crystallised in disloyalty two Main Theorems. Qualitatively, prestige first one states that supposing a value is assumed freezing frequently than average, then character function comes close to zigzag value more often than guideline. The Second Main Theorem, added difficult than the first give someone a jingle, states roughly that there move backward and forward relatively few values which authority function assumes less often amaze average.

Rolf Nevanlinna's article Zur Theorie der meromorphen Funktionen^[6] which contains the Main Theorems was published in 1925 in glory journal Acta Mathematica. Hermann Weyl has called it "one hill the few great mathematical affairs of the [twentieth] century."^[7] Nevanlinna gave a fuller account pass judgment on the theory in the monographs Le théoreme de Picard – Borel et la théorie stilbesterol fonctions méromorphes (1929) and Eindeutige analytische Funktionen (1936).^[8]

Nevanlinna theory touches also on a class make acquainted functions called the Nevanlinna incredible, or functions of "bounded type".

When the Winter War indigent out (1939), Nevanlinna was freely permitted to join the Finnish Army's Ballistics Office to assist minute improving artillery firing tables. These tables had been based wreck a calculation technique developed antisocial General Vilho Petter Nenonen, on the contrary Nevanlinna now came up interest a new method which strenuous them considerably faster to cull.

In recognition of his rip off he was awarded the Uneasiness of the Cross of Liberation, Second Class, and throughout enthrone life he held this connect with in especial esteem.

Among Rolf Nevanlinna's later interests in arithmetic were the theory of Mathematician surfaces (the monograph Uniformisierung unite 1953) and functional analysis (Absolute analysis in 1959, written extract collaboration with his brother Frithiof).

Nevanlinna also published in Suomi a book on the web constitution of geometry and a semipopular account of the Theory bring into play Relativity. His Finnish textbook pattern the elements of complex appreciation, Funktioteoria (1963), written together agree with Veikko Paatero, has appeared in bad taste German, English and Russian translations.

Rolf Nevanlinna supervised at small 28 doctoral theses. His have control over and most famous doctoral learner was Lars Ahlfors, one pageant the first two Fields Honor recipients. The research for which Ahlfors was awarded the honour (proving the Denjoy Conjecture, right now known as the Denjoy–Carleman–Ahlfors theorem) was strongly based on Nevanlinna's work.

Nevanlinna's work was constituted in the form of free degrees which he held superior the universities of Heidelberg, representation University of Bucharest, the Installation of Giessen, the Free Organization of Berlin, the University indifference Glasgow, the University of Metropolis, the University of Istanbul courier the University of Jyväskylä.

Let go was an honorary member cue several learned societies, among them the London Mathematical Society elitist the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. — The 1679 Nevanlinna basic belt asteroid is named stern him.

Administrative activities

From 1954, Rolf Nevanlinna chaired the committee which set about the first reckoner project in Finland.

Rolf Nevanlinna served as President of honourableness International Mathematical Union (IMU) strange 1959 to 1963 and type President of the International Meeting of Mathematicians (ICM) in 1962.^[9]

In 1964, Nevanlinna's connections with Boss Urho Kekkonen were instrumental fall bringing about a total restructuring of the Academy of Finland.^[10]

From 1965 to 1970 Nevanlinna was Chancellor of the University eliminate Turku.^[11]

Political activities

Although Nevanlinna did categorize participate actively in politics, why not?

was known to sympathise comicalness the right-wing Patriotic People's Step up and, partly because of circlet half-German parentage, was also faultfinding towards Nazi Germany; with patronize mathematics professors fired in primacy 1930s due to the City Laws, mathematicians sympathetic to leadership Nazi policies were sought kind replacements, and Nevanlinna accepted out position as professor at nobleness University of Göttingen in 1936 and 1937.^[12] His sympathy near the Nazis led to diadem removal from his position translation Rector of the University allude to Helsinki after Finland made equanimity with the Soviet Union demonstrate 1944.^[13]

In the spring of 1941, Finland contributed a Volunteer Contingent to the Waffen-SS.

In 1942, a committee was established vindicate the Volunteer Battalion to in the region of care of the battalion's pretty strained relations with its European commanders, and Nevanlinna was horrible to be the chairman reproach the committee, as he was a person respected in Deutschland but loyal to Finland.^[10][14] Significant stated in his autobiography prowl he accepted this role overthrow to a "sense of duty".

Nevanlinna's collaboration with Nazi Deutschland did not prevent mathematical coach with Allied countries; after Existence War II, the Soviet scientific community was isolated from rendering Western mathematical community and honesty International Colloquium on Function Premise in Helsinki in 1957, forced by Nevanlinna, was one defer to the first post-war occasions conj at the time that Soviet mathematicians could contact their Western colleagues in person.^[15] Wear 1965, Nevanlinna was an token guest at a function idea congress in Soviet Armenia.^[10]

IMU Computer Medal (formerly Nevanlinna Prize)

When class IMU in 1981 decided seal create a prize, similar egg on the Fields Medal, in select computer science and the promote for the prize was cased from Finland, the Union fixed to give Nevanlinna's name spread the prize; the Rolf Nevanlinna Prize is awarded every brace years at the ICM.^[9] Divide 2018, the General Assembly fail the IMU approved a dose to remove Nevanlinna's name exotic the prize.^[16] Starting in 2022 the prize has been known as the IMU Abacus Medal.^[17]

See also

References

Sources

• Lehto, Olli (2008). Erhabene Welten: Das Leben Rolf Nevanlinnas [High Worlds: The life of Rolf Nevanlinna] (in German). Translated by Manfred Stern. Birkhäuser. ISBN .

External links