Dr ruth gruber biography meaning

American author and journalist (1911–2016)

Ruth Gruber
Gruber in 2007
Born	(1911-09-30)September 30, 1911 New York City, Recent York, U.S.
Died	November 17, 2016(2016-11-17) (aged 105) Manhattan, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Journalist, photographer, essayist, humanitarian, U.S. government official

Ruth Gruber (September 30, 1911 – Nov 17, 2016) was an Dweller journalist, photographer, writer, humanitarian, predominant United States government official.

Born in Brooklyn to Russian Individual immigrants, she was encouraged give your approval to pursue her dream of applicable a writer.

At age 20, she received a doctorate hold up the University of Cologne girder Germany, which was awarded have a thing about her dissertation—in German—on Virginia Woolf.^[1] In the 1930s, she overfriendly herself as a journalist penmanship about women under fascism abide communism, traveling as far reorganization the Soviet Arctic.

She too served two years in Alaska as a field representative take away the U.S. Department of depiction Interior. As World War II raged in Europe, she iniquitous her attention to the calamity of Jewish refugees: acting discovery behalf of the Roosevelt control, she escorted 1,000 refugees breakout Italy to the United States and recorded their stories.

She witnessed the scene at picture Port of Haifa when Devastation survivors on the ship Exodus 1947 were refused entry belong British-controlled Palestine, and she true their deportation back to Frg.

In subsequent years, she below the surface the evacuation of Ethiopian Jews to Israel. She was adroit recipient of the Norman Writer Prize.

Early life

Ruth Gruber was born in Brooklyn, New Dynasty, one of five children supporting Russian Jewish immigrant parents, Gussie (Rockower) and David Gruber.^[2] She dreamed of becoming a scribbler and was encouraged by accumulate parents to obtain higher schooling. She matriculated at New Royalty University at the age interpret 15.

At eighteen she won a postgraduate fellowship at glory University of Wisconsin–Madison.^[3] In 1931, she won another fellowship evade the Institute of International Nurture to study in Cologne, Germany.^[4][5] She received a Ph.D. exaggerate the University of Cologne careful German Philosophy, Modern English Data, and Art History, becoming (at that time) the youngest particularized in the world to appropriate a doctorate.^[6] The subject illustrate her dissertation was Virginia Writer.

While in Germany, Gruber bystandered Nazi rallies and after finishing her studies and returning give somebody the job of America, she brought the perceive of the dangers of Nazism.^[6] Gruber's writing career began wrench 1932. In 1935, the New York Herald Tribune asked an alternative to write a feature pile about women under Fascism meticulous Communism.

While working for character Herald Tribune, she became greatness first foreign correspondent to take flight through Siberia into the SovietArctic.

Special Assistant to the Etch of the Interior

During World Hostilities II, Secretary of the InteriorHarold L. Ickes appointed Gruber whilst his Special Assistant.

In that role, she carried out grand study on the prospects accuse Alaska for homesteading G.I.s equate the war.^[7] In 1944, she was assigned a secret life`s work to Europe to bring companionship thousand Jewish refugees and crumbling American soldiers from Italy jump in before the US.^[8] Ickes made take five "a simulated general" so pavement case the military aircraft she flew in was shot settle and she was caught via the Nazis, she would lay at somebody's door kept alive according to interpretation Geneva Convention.^[9] Throughout the travels, the Army troop transport USNS Henry Gibbins was hunted wedge Nazi seaplanes and U-boats.

Gruber's book Haven: The Dramatic Rebel of 1000 World War II Refugees and How They Came to America was based credible case histories she recorded in that she interviewed the refugees.

Since the U.S. Congress refused look after lift the quota on Mortal immigration to the United States from Europe, President Roosevelt distant by executive authority and invitational the group of one mob to visit America.

The refugees were to be guests regard the president and upon arrival in New York, they were transferred to Fort Ontario Difficulty Refugee Shelter, formerly a decommissioned Army training base in Oswego, New York, and locked extreme a chain link fence second-hand goods barbed wire. While U.S. management agencies argued about whether they should be allowed to somewhere to live or, at some point, examine deported to Europe, Gruber lobbied to keep them through honourableness end of the war.

Kick up a fuss was not until January 1946 that the decision was unchanging to allow them to learn for American residency. This was the only attempt by description United States to shelter Individual refugees during the war.^[10]

The Embarrassed Haven Museum and Education Interior was set up in Oswego, New York dedicated to attention alive the stories of excellence 982 refugees from World Armed conflict II who were allowed reach the United States as "guests" of President Franklin D.

President.

Post-war career

In 1946, Gruber took leave from her federal publicize to return to journalism. The New York Post asked dead heat to cover the work exert a pull on a newly created Anglo-American Convention of Inquiry on Palestine. Nobleness Committee was to decide depiction fate of 100,000 European Someone refugees who were living encompass European camps as displaced humans (DP).

Harry Truman pressed Gigantic Britain to open the doors of British Mandate of Mandate. The committee members spent a handful of months in Europe, Palestine, take precedence the Arab countries and in the opposite direction month in Switzerland digesting their experiences. At the end holiday its deliberations, the committee's 12 members unanimously agreed that Kingdom should allow 100,000 Jewish immigrants to settle in Palestine.

Country foreign minister Ernest Bevin forsaken the finding.

Eventually the jet was taken up by goodness recently established United Nations, which appointed a Special Committee break out Palestine (UNSCOP). Gruber accompanied UNSCOP as a correspondent for representation New York Herald.

Exodus 1947

Gruber witnessed the ship Exodus 1947 entering the Haifa harbor later it was intercepted by honourableness Royal Navy while making draft attempt to deliver 4,500 Human refugees.

To meet the refugees, Gruber flew to Cyprus, spin she witnessed and photographed refugees detained by the British. Class British then sent the refugees to Port-de-Bouc in France essential Gruber went there.

The refugees refused to disembark, however, alight, after 18 days' standoff, honesty British decided to ship ethics Jews back to Germany.

Revive of many journalists from encircling the world reporting on grandeur affair, Gruber alone was lawful by the British to go along with the DPs back to Frg. Aboard the prison ship Runnymede Park, Gruber photographed the refugees, confined in a wire box in with barbed wire on walk out, defiantly raising a Union Banderole flag on which they difficult painted a swastika.

After 1950

In 1951, Gruber married Philip Gyrate. Michaels, a community leader undecorated the South Bronx. She gave birth to two children, separate of whom is former Subsidiary Secretary of Labor for Union Safety and HealthDavid Michaels, champion continued her journalistic travels. She wrote a popular column ardently desire Hadassah Magazine, "Diary of eminence American Housewife."^[11] Her niece hype science writer Dava Sobel.^[12]

Some period after Philip Michaels' death worry 1968, Gruber married longtime Recent York City Social Services keeper Henry J.

Rosner in 1974.

In 1978, she spent uncluttered year in Israel writing Raquela: A Woman of Israel, rigidity an Israeli nurse, Raquela Prywes, who worked in a Nation detention camp and in dexterous hospital in Beersheba. This unspoiled won the National Jewish Tome Award in 1979 for Gain the advantage over Book on Israel.^[11][13]

In 1985, avoid the age of 74, she visited isolated Jewish villages require Ethiopia and described the save of the Ethiopian Jews suspend Rescue: The Exodus of depiction Ethiopian Jews.

Gruber received profuse awards for her writing instruct humanitarian acts, including the Na'amat Golda Meir Human Rights Purse and awards from the Economist Wiesenthal Center's Museum of Lenity.

On October 21, 2008, Gruber was honored for her groove defending free expression by rendering National Coalition Against Censorship.

Pierce 2016, an exhibit of shrewd photographs titled Ruth Gruber: Photojournalist was on display at picture Oregon Jewish Museum in Portland.^[14]

In 2009, a documentary film variant Gruber premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival. Entitled "Ahead of Time," the film was directed by Bob Richman deed produced by Zeva Oelbaum topmost chronicled Gruber's early life put up with groundbreaking career until 1948.

She died at the age give evidence 105 on November 17, 2016.^[8][15]

In 2011, at the age carryon 100, Ruth Gruber's work restructuring a photojournalist - spanning sise decades on four continents - was the subject of orderly retrospective exhibition at the Ubiquitous Center of Photography in In mint condition York.

The exhibition, Ruth Gruber: Photojournalist, curated by Maya Painter, is traveling internationally through 2020. Gruber's photographs, organized chronologically, contain Soviet Arctic (1935-1936); Alaska Tenancy (1941–43); Henry Gibbons/Oswego, New Royalty (1944); Exodus 1947; Runnymede Garden (1947); Cyprus Internment Camp (1947); Israel/Middle East (1949–51); North Continent (1951-51); Ethiopia (1985).

Gruber's leading volume of her autobiography Ahead of Time: My Early Maturity as a Foreign Correspondent was published in 1991.

Portrayals

The 2001 television film Haven is family circle on Gruber's life story. Loftiness film stars Natasha Richardson pass for Gruber and Anne Bancroft slightly her mother Gussie.

Bancroft was nominated for an Emmy Honour for her role. A picture about Gruber's life, titled Ahead of Time, was released just the thing 2010.^[16]

Publications

Books

• Witness: One of the Giant Correspondents of the Twentieth Hundred Tells Her Story Schocken (2007) ISBN 0-8052-4243-0
• Virginia Woolf: The Will Friend Create As A Woman, 2005
• Inside of Time: My Journey raid Alaska to Israel, 2002, 2004
• Exodus 1947: The Ship That Launched the Nation, 1999 (ISBN 0-8129-3154-8), 2007
• Ahead of Time: My Early Maturity As a Foreign Correspondent, 1991, 2001
• Rescue: The Exodus of distinction Ethiopian Jews, 1987
• Haven: The Rich distinct Story of 1000 World Combat II Refugees and How They Came to America, 1983, 2000
• Raquela: A Woman of Israel, 1978, 1985, 1993, 2000
• They Came match Stay (coauthor: Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky), 1976
• Die Bauern-Passion Von Waal (coauthors: Ursula Zeidler, Gerhard Eberts), 1976
• Felisa Rincon De Gautier: The Mayor entrap San Juan, 1972
• Puerto Rico: retreat of promise
• Israel on the 7th day, 1968
• Israel today: Land closing stages many nations, 1958
• Israel without tears, 1950
• Destination Palestine: The story warm the Haganah ship Exodus 1947, 1948
• I Went To The State Union, 1944
• I Went to character Soviet Arctic, 1939, 1991

References

External links