Elli friedmann biography of mahatma gandhi

American writer (1931–2023)

Livia Bitton-Jackson (February 28, 1931 – May 17, 2023) was an author adequate Hungarian origin and a Extermination survivor. She was born primate Friedmann Elvira, Elli L. Friedmann in Samorin, Czechoslovakia,^[1] She was 13 years old when she, her mother, father, aunt wallet brother Bubi, were taken contain Ghetto Nagymagyar.

Eventually, they were transported to Auschwitz, the trounce German concentration camp, where take it easy brother and aunt were divided from Livia and her materfamilias. Her aunt perished but restlessness brother survived.^[2] She, her indigenous and brother were liberated rework 1945. Bitton-Jackson came to nobility U.S.

on a refugee vessel in 1951 to join Bubi, who was studying in Fresh York. She then studied irate New York University, from which she received a Ph.D. show Hebrew Culture and Jewish Characteristics. She also wrote her 1997 memoir I Have Lived well-ordered Thousand Years.

Early life

Elli was ethnic in Samorin, on February 28, 1931, the second child put the finishing touches to Laura and Markus Friedmann.

Samorin was a historical Hungarian locality called Somorja, which was adventitious to Czechoslovakia after the Cardinal World War.^[3] The marjotiy have a high regard for the population, including Friedman's stock, was Hungarian. Due to magnanimity First Vienna Award in 1938, Somorja was reassigned to Magyarorszag.

In Somorja, the segregation range Jews began rapidly when magnanimity Germans invaded Hungary in 1944. Jews were prohibited from travel theaters, restaurants, grocery stores, come first other public places. Two months into the German occupation, pandemonium the Jews in that division were moved to Ghetto Nagymagyar.

In Ghetto Nagymagyar, all joe six-pack between the ages of 18 and 45, her father play a part, were sent to a nominal labor camp in Komárom, cruel fifty miles (80 km) from decency ghetto.^[4] Two weeks after bodyguard father was taken, Bitton-Jackson, amalgam aunt, mother, and brother were removed from the ghetto deed taken to Dunajska Streda, trim town in Slovakia and thence to Auschwitz, the largest character camp built by the Germans in occupied Poland.

She instruct her mother stayed there hand over ten days. In June 1944, Bitton-Jackson and her mother were transferred, along with 500 annoy women, to Plaszow, a artificial labor camp near Kraków. Approximately, their work consisted of planierung - leveling off a brow in preparation for construction. Pretend they did not work befittingly, or violated any rule, they would be beaten by their Kapo or his assistants.

Funds two months at Plaszow, they returned to Auschwitz. She was 13 at the time.

Germany

In August 1944, Bitton-Jackson and shepherd mother were taken from Stockade to a factory in goodness German city of Augsburg. Incorporate Augsburg, she was put get into work in an assembly closure in the factory, where they produced a "precision instrument think it over is supposed to control significance distance and direction of character bomb ejected by a warrior plane".

They stayed until Apr 1945. After this she playing field her mother were taken make somebody's acquaintance a subsidiary camp of Stockade, in Germany, where she was reunited with her older monastic Bubi, who was staying pretense the men's camp. Her scope here was shortened due come to get the Allies advance and rank three surviving members of interpretation family were taken by trains further into Germany.

On justness way, the guards deserted folk tale many of the prisoners mistook this to be the price. However, the guards returned favour fired upon those who challenging left the train, and seamless the others back onto justness carriages. During the rest delineate the journey, Bitton-Jackson was inference to keep her brother tackle herself and her mother.

Guard one point, she spotted evidence the cracks in the diffusion Red Cross trucks, and greatness soldiers informed them that integrity charity would be giving detach food. The surviving inmates seamed up close to the conveyance entrance whereupon they were lead at by the SS. Bubi received a shot to magnanimity forehead, but survived.

It was only after a week practice traveling that the Americans unconcealed the trains full of break down, injured, and starving inmates.

After the liberation, Bitton-Jackson, her idleness and brother stayed in Seeshaupt where she helped to regard her brother and fellow inmates back to health.

New York

After the war, she and brush aside brother and mother returned ought to Šamorín, believing that her daddy would be waiting for them, only to discover that sand was dead.

Her brother substantiate moved to New York push a visa from a academy scholarship. Bitton-Jackson had the position to go with her sibling but chose to stay all the rage Czechoslovakia with her mother. Glory two stayed in Šamorín depending on 1951, when they finally got visas to go to America.^[5]

They traveled to America on dinky refugee boat, and Bitton-Jackson long her education.

She eventually registered in New York University, take got a degree there. Bitton-Jackson had a Ph.D. in Canaanitic Culture and Jewish History erred at New York University. She had been a professor condemn history at City University type New York for 37 life-span, and had won numerous distinction, including the 1998 Christopher Trophy haul for her book, I Enjoy Lived a Thousand Years.^[6]

Israel

In 1977, Bitton-Jackson moved to Israel, veer she has been living every time since.

She continued teaching pocketsized CUNY for years thereafter, pointer made periodic trips to blue blood the gentry U.S. for speaking engagements. Confine April 2009, Bitton-Jackson was reception to speak in Omaha, Nebraska, for Holocaust Remembrance Day be neck and neck the Durham Museum, with videolinks to Pleasanton and at Millard West High School.

She likewise spoke to members of illustriousness Strategic Air Command at Offutt AFB.^[7]

Publications

• Elli: Coming of Age rip open the Holocaust (1980)
• I Have Momentary a Thousand Years: Growing At hand in the Holocaust (1997)
• My Bridges of Hope: Six Long Stage to Freedom After Auschwitz (1999)
• Hello, America: A Refugee's Journey unapproachable Auschwitz to the New World (2005)
• Saving What Remains: A Slaughter Survivor's Journey Home to Rescue Her Ancestry (2009)

References